Vaccine Information: BOOSTRIX (Page 4 of 5)
14.3 Study in Pregnant Women
The effectiveness of BOOSTRIX immunization during the third trimester of pregnancy to prevent pertussis among infants younger than 2 months of age was based on a re-analysis within a Bayesian meta-analysis framework of the BOOSTRIX-relevant data from an observational case-control study of Tdap vaccine effectiveness.4 In this re-analysis, a conditional logistic regression model controlling for age, maternal education, and family size was fit to data from 108 cases (including 4 cases whose mothers received BOOSTRIX during the third trimester) and 183 controls (including 18 whose mothers received BOOSTRIX during the third trimester) matched by age group (<2 weeks old, ≥2 weeks old) and birth hospital. This yielded a preliminary vaccine effectiveness estimate of 78.0% (95% CI: -38.0, 96.5) for vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy. This preliminary effectiveness estimate was updated using a Bayesian meta-analysis with an informative prior constructed from four observational studies that provided estimates of the vaccine effectiveness of the non-U.S. formulation of BOOSTRIX against pertussis in infants whose mothers were immunized during pregnancy.5, 6, 7, 8 To account for potential publication bias, this informative prior was downweighted by combining it with an uninformative prior. When the informative prior has 20% weight, the Bayesian update resulted in estimates of effectiveness of vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy of 81.5% (95% credible interval:12.9, 94.5). When the informative prior has 90% weight, the Bayesian update resulted in estimates of effectiveness of vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy of 83.4% (95% credible interval: 55.7, 92.5). The vaccine effectiveness point estimates were consistent, regardless of the weight applied to the informative prior.
14.4 Immune Responses to Vaccination in Infants Born to Mothers Who Received BOOSTRIX During Pregnancy
Data are not available on immune responses to US licensed vaccines administered on the US schedule among infants born to mothers who received BOOSTRIX during pregnancy.
In infants whose mothers received BOOSTRIX (non-US formulation) during the third trimester of pregnancy, antibody responses to a non-US licensed DTaP-containing vaccine were diminished for anti-PT, anti-FHA and anti-PRN following the primary series (NCT 02422264), and for anti-PT and anti-FHA following a booster dose (NCT 02853929) compared to infants who received the same vaccine but whose mothers received placebo during pregnancy. Whether the diminished immune responses observed in vaccinated infants whose mothers received BOOSTRIX (non-US formulation) during pregnancy result in diminished effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in infants is unknown.
14.5 Immunological Evaluation following Revaccination with BOOSTRIX
Adults (Aged 20 to 29 Years)
A multicenter, open-label, controlled study conducted in the United States evaluated the immunogenicity of BOOSTRIX in adults aged 20 to 29 years who received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX (n = 128) or the comparator Td vaccine (MassBiologics) (n = 37) in the U.S. adolescent (aged 10 to 18 years) study (NCT01738477). BOOSTRIX was administered to all subjects 10 years after initial vaccination. The immune responses to each of the antigens contained in BOOSTRIX were evaluated in sera obtained approximately 1 month after vaccine administration. Among all vaccine recipients, the mean age was 23.5 years; 45.5% were female, and 87.9% were White.
Response to Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids: The antibody responses to the tetanus and diphtheria toxoids of BOOSTRIX are shown in Table 17. One month after vaccination, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria seroprotective rates (≥0.1 IU/mL by ELISA) were comparable between groups.
Td manufactured by MassBiologics.ATP = According-to-protocol; CI = Confidence Interval.n = Number of subjects with available results.a Measured by ELISA.b Subjects who were revaccinated with BOOSTRIX 10 years after initial vaccination with BOOSTRIX.c Seroprotection rates following revaccination with BOOSTRIX were non-inferior to an initial dose of BOOSTRIX (Td group) (lower limit of 2-sided 95% CI on the difference for second dose of BOOSTRIX minus first dose of BOOSTRIX ≥-10%).d Non-inferiority criteria not prospectively defined for this endpoint.e Subjects who received a dose of BOOSTRIX 10 years after initial vaccination with Td vaccine. | |||
% ≥0.1 IU/mLa | % ≥1.0 IU/mLa | ||
Antibodies | n | (95% CI) | (95% CI) |
Anti-tetanus | |||
BOOSTRIXb | 115 | ||
Pre-vaccination | 100 (96.8, 100) | 74.8 (65.8, 82.4) | |
Post-vaccination | 100 (96.8, 100)c | 100 (96.8, 100)d | |
Tde | 35 | ||
Pre-vaccination | 100 (90, 100) | 77.1 (59.9, 89.6) | |
Post-vaccination | 100 (90, 100) | 100 (90, 100) | |
Anti-diphtheria | |||
BOOSTRIXb | 115 | ||
Pre-vaccination | 100 (96.8, 100) | 60.9 (51.3, 69.8) | |
Post-vaccination | 100 (96.8, 100)c | 100 (96.8, 100)d | |
Tde | 35 | ||
Pre-vaccination | 100 (90, 100) | 65.7 (47.8, 80.9) | |
Post-vaccination | 100 (90,100) | 97.1 (85.1, 99.9) |
Response to Pertussis Antigens: The GMCs to each of the pertussis antigens 1 month following revaccination with BOOSTRIX in subjects who had received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX 10 years earlier were compared with the GMCs of infants following a 3-dose primary series of PEDIARIX [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Table 18 presents the results for the ATP cohort for immunogenicity in both studies. Anti-PT, anti-FHA, and anti-PRN antibody concentrations observed in adults 1 month after revaccination with BOOSTRIX were non-inferior to those of infants following a primary vaccination series with PEDIARIX.
GMC = Geometric mean antibody concentration; CI = Confidence Interval; PT = Pertussis toxin; FHA = Filamentous hemagglutinin; PRN = Pertactin.n = Number of subjects for GMC evaluation.a Subjects who were revaccinated with BOOSTRIX 10 years after initial vaccination with BOOSTRIX.b BOOSTRIX was non-inferior to PEDIARIX (lower limit of 95% CI for the GMC ratio of BOOSTRIX/PEDIARIX ≥0.67). | |||||||
BOOSTRIXa | PEDIARIX | GMC Ratio: BOOSTRIX/PEDIARIX | |||||
Pertussis Antibodies | (n) | (n) | (95% CI) | ||||
Anti-PT | 115 | 149 | 1.81 (1.48, 2.21)b | ||||
Anti-FHA | 115 | 149 | 2.37 (1.98, 2.83)b | ||||
Anti-PRN | 115 | 149 | 9.87 (7.80, 12.49)b |
Adults (Aged 28 to 73 Years)
A multicenter, open-label, controlled study conducted in the United States evaluated the immunogenicity of BOOSTRIX in adults aged 28 to 73 years who received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX (n = 309) or the licensed comparator Tdap vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur) (n = 138) in the U.S. adult (aged 19 to 64 years) study (NCT00489970). BOOSTRIX was administered to all subjects 9 years after initial vaccination. A control group of newly enrolled adult subjects received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX (n = 362). The immune responses to each of the antigens contained in BOOSTRIX were evaluated in sera obtained approximately 1 month after vaccine administration. Of the subjects enrolled in this study, the mean age was 52.1 years; 62.6% were female, and 86.6% were White.
Response to Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids: The antibody responses to the tetanus and diphtheria toxoids of BOOSTRIX are shown in Table 19. One month after vaccination, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria seroprotective rates (≥0.1 IU/mL by ELISA) were comparable between groups.
Tdap = Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur.ATP = According-to-protocol; CI = Confidence Interval.n = Number of subjects with available results.a Measured by ELISA.b Booster response: In subjects with pre-vaccination <0.1 IU/mL, post-vaccination concentration ≥0.4 IU/mL. In subjects with pre-vaccination concentration ≥0.1 IU/mL, an increase of at least 4 times the pre-vaccination concentration.c Subjects who were revaccinated with BOOSTRIX 9 years after initial vaccination with BOOSTRIX.d Seroprotection rates following a dose of BOOSTRIX in subjects who had received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX or the licensed comparator Tdap vaccine were non-inferior to an initial dose of BOOSTRIX (Control Group) (lower limit of 97.5% CI on the difference of BOOSTRIX minus Control Group ≥-10%).e Non-inferiority criteria not prospectively defined for this endpoint.f The booster response rates following a dose of BOOSTRIX in subjects who had received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX or the licensed comparator Tdap vaccine did not meet the pre-defined non-inferiority criteria (lower limit of the 97.5% CIs ≥-10% [BOOSTRIX minus Control Group] and [Tdap minus Control Group]).g Subjects who received a dose of BOOSTRIX 9 years after initial vaccination with Tdap vaccine.h Control Group = Newly enrolled subjects who received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX. | ||||||||||||
Antibodies | n | % ≥0.1 IU/mLa (95% CI) | % ≥1.0 IU/mLa (95% CI) | % Booster Responseb (95% CI) | ||||||||
Anti-tetanus | ||||||||||||
BOOSTRIXc | 268-271 | |||||||||||
Pre-vaccination | 98.1 (95.7, 99.4) | 78.7 (73.3, 83.5) | ||||||||||
Post-vaccination | 100 (98.6, 100)d | 99.3 (97.4, 99.9)e | 47.0 (40.9, 53.2)f | |||||||||
Tdapg | 120-121 | |||||||||||
Pre-vaccination | 100 (97.0, 100) | 84.2 (76.4, 90.2) | ||||||||||
Post-vaccination | 100 (97.0, 100)d | 100 (97.0, 100)e | 36.7 (28.1, 45.9)f | |||||||||
Controlh | 324-327 | |||||||||||
Pre-vaccination | 93.8 (90.6, 96.2) | 71.3 (66.0, 76.2) | ||||||||||
Post-vaccination | 99.7 (98.3, 100) | 97.6 (95.2, 98.9) | 48.5 (42.9, 54.0) | |||||||||
Anti-diphtheria | ||||||||||||
BOOSTRIXc | 269-271 | |||||||||||
Pre-vaccination | 91.1 (87.0, 94.2) | 42.4 (36.4, 48.5) | ||||||||||
Post-vaccination | 99.3 (97.4, 99.9)d | 91.9 (88.0, 94.8)e | 62.8 (56.7, 68.6)f | |||||||||
Tdapg | 118-121 | |||||||||||
Pre-vaccination | 95.8 (90.4, 98.6) | 45.8 (36.6, 55.2) | ||||||||||
Post-vaccination | 99.2 (95.5, 100)d | 93.4 (87.4, 97.1)e | 60.2 (50.7, 69.1)f | |||||||||
Controlh | 324-326 | |||||||||||
Pre-vaccination | 81.8 (77.1, 85.8) | 28.4 (23.5, 33.6) | ||||||||||
Post-vaccination | 97.9 (95.6, 99.1) | 86.5 (82.3, 90.0) | 68.7 (63.4, 73.7) |
Response to Pertussis Antigens: The GMCs to each of the pertussis antigens 1 month following a dose of BOOSTRIX in subjects who had received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX or the licensed comparator Tdap vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur) 9 years earlier were compared with the GMCs of infants following a 3-dose primary series of PEDIARIX [see Clinical Studies (14.1)]. Table 20 presents the results for the ATP cohort for immunogenicity in both studies. Anti-PT, anti-FHA, and anti-PRN antibody concentrations observed in adults 1 month after a dose of BOOSTRIX were non-inferior to those of infants following a primary vaccination series with PEDIARIX.
Tdap = Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur.GMC = Geometric mean antibody concentration; CI = Confidence Interval; PT = Pertussis toxin; FHA = Filamentous hemagglutinin; PRN = Pertactin.n = Number of subjects for GMC evaluation.a BOOSTRIX was non-inferior to PEDIARIX (lower limit of 97.5% CI for the GMC ratio of BOOSTRIX/PEDIARIX ≥0.67). | ||||||||||||||||||
Pertussis Antibodies | Vaccinated with BOOSTRIX 9 Years after Initial Vaccination with: | PEDIARIX (n) | GMC Ratio: | |||||||||||||||
BOOSTRIX (n) | Tdap (n) | BOOSTRIX/ PEDIARIX (97.5% CI) | Tdap/ PEDIARIX (97.5% CI) | |||||||||||||||
Anti-PT | 271 | 121 | 149 | 1.33 (1.09, 1.61)a | 1.46 (1.14, 1.87)a | |||||||||||||
Anti-FHA | 271 | 121 | 149 | 2.02 (1.72, 2.37)a | 2.07 (1.68, 2.57)a | |||||||||||||
Anti-PRN | 271 | 121 | 149 | 8.64 (6.85, 10.89)a | 10.90 (8.27, 14.38)a |
Compared with the Control Group, non-inferiority of booster response rates to the pertussis antigens following a dose of BOOSTRIX in subjects who had received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX or another licensed Tdap vaccine (Sanofi Pasteur) was achieved for the PT antigen [BOOSTRIX minus Control Group] and the FHA antigen [Tdap minus Control Group], respectively (Table 21). Non-inferiority was not achieved for FHA and PRN booster response rates [BOOSTRIX minus Control Group] or for PT and PRN booster response rates [Tdap minus Control Group].
Tdap = Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine, Adsorbed manufactured by Sanofi Pasteur.ATP = According-to-protocol; CI = Confidence Interval; PT = Pertussis toxin; FHA = Filamentous hemagglutinin; PRN = Pertactin.n = Number of subjects with available results.a Booster response: In initially seronegative subjects (pre-vaccination antibody concentration below the assay cut-off), post-vaccination antibody concentrations ≥4 times the assay cut-off. In initially seropositive subjects with pre-vaccination antibody concentrations <4 times the assay cut-off, an increase of at least 4 times the pre-vaccination antibody concentration. In initially seropositive subjects with pre-vaccination antibody concentrations ≥4 times the assay cut-off, an increase of at least 2 times the pre-vaccination antibody concentration. Assay cut-offs: anti-PT = 2.693 IU/mL; anti-FHA = 2.046 IU/mL; anti-PRN = 2.187 IU/mL.b Subjects who were revaccinated with BOOSTRIX 9 years after initial vaccination with BOOSTRIX.c Non-inferiority of the booster response rate for each pertussis antigen was demonstrated if the lower limit of the 97.5% CI [BOOSTRIX minus Control Group] or [Tdap minus Control Group] was above the pre-defined limit of -10%.d Subjects who received a dose of BOOSTRIX 9 years after initial vaccination with Tdap vaccine.e Control Group = Newly enrolled subjects who received an initial dose of BOOSTRIX. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Pertussis Antibodies | n | % Booster Responsea (95% CI) | Difference in Booster Response Rates | ||||||||||||||||||||
BOOSTRIX minus Control Group (97.5 % CI) | Tdap minus Control Group (97.5% CI) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Anti-PT | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BOOSTRIXb | 271 | 86.7 (82.1, 90.5) | -2.85 (-9.09, 3.08)c | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tdapd | 120 | 88.3 (81.2, 93.5) | -1.24 (-10.03, 5.57) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Controle | 326 | 89.6 (85.7, 92.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Anti-FHA | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BOOSTRIXb | 271 | 85.6 (80.9, 89.6) | -7.05 (-13.16, -1.40) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tdapd | 120 | 96.7 (91.7, 99.1) | 4.01 (-2.38, 8.66)c | ||||||||||||||||||||
Controle | 327 | 92.7 (89.3, 95.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Anti-PRN | |||||||||||||||||||||||
BOOSTRIXb | 271 | 77.5 (72.0, 82.3) | -10.32 (-17.50, -3.38) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tdapd | 118 | 83.1 (75.0, 89.3) | -4.76 (-14.53, 3.18) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Controle | 320 | 87.8 (83.7, 91.2) |
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